Transdermal Rotigotine: A Clinically Innovative Dopamine-Receptor Agonist for the Management of Parkinson's Disease

Rotigotine is a highly lipophilic dopamine-receptor agonist and the first transdermally delivered agent to demonstrate efficacy and safety as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease and to reduce “off” hours in levodopa-treated patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The rotigotine pharmacophore is nonergolinic and demonstrates high affinity for dopamine D₂ and D₃ receptors. With once-daily application, the patch matrix provides continuous, nonfluctuating plasma drug levels at steady state, resulting in continuous and steady plasma and brain levels and striatal dopamine-receptor stimulation.

Read More: http://pharmacotherapyjournal.org/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.29.12.1452?cookieSet=1

Brinzolamide

Brinzolamide is a white powder commercially formulated as a 1% ophthalmic suspension to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Pharmacologically, brinzolamide is a highly specific,   
non-competitive, reversible, and effective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II), able to suppress formation of aqueous humor in the eye and thus to decrease IOP. 


Ref: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19668749

Guide to NSAID Therapy

No/Low NSAID GI Risk NSAID GI Risk No CV risk (no aspirin) Traditional NSAID Coxib or      Traditional NSAID + PPI or misoprostol     Consider non-NSAID therapy CV risk (consider aspirin) Traditional NSAID + PPI or misoprostol if GI risk warrants gastroprotection A gastroprotective agent must be added if a traditional NSAID is prescribed   Consider non-NSAID therapy Consider non-NSAID therapy

The following statement is not true about sotalol:

1. It is a non-selective beta blocker.
2. It prolongs action potential duration throughout the heart.
3. It is excreted through bile following hepatic metabolism.
4. Polymorhpic ventricular tachycardia is a common side-effect.

Which of the following statements about hydralazine is NOT true?

1. It causes direct relaxation of the blood vessels.
2. It causes dilatation of both arteries and veins.
3. Postural hypotension is not a common problem.
4. It increases plasma renin activity.

Which of the following does not result in the release of NO?

1. Fenoldopam.
2. Hydralazine.
3. Nitroprusside.
4. Nitroglycerine.

True about fibrates are all except

1. Drug of choice fro Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and severe hypertriglyceridemia.
2. Activate PPAR to stimulate LPL.
3. Absorbed good on empty stomach and absorption is delayed by fatty meals.
4. Side effect are rash, urticaria, myalgia and impotence.

Coronary steal phenomenon is seen with

1. Dipyridamole.
2. Dilitiazem.
3. Propanolol.
4. Verapamil.

All are used for treatment of pulmonary hypertension except

1. Endothelin receptor antagonists.
2. Phosphodiesterase antagonists.
3. Calcium channel blockers.
4. Beta blockers.

Angiotensin II causes all except

1. Stimulates release of ADH
2. Increases thirst.
3. Vasodilation
4. Stimulates aldosterone release.