PGMCET 2012 RECALL- Kauffman White classification

The nomenclature for the genus Salmonella has evolved from the initial one serotype-one species concept proposed by Kauffmann on the basis of the serologic identification of O (somatic) and H (flagellar) antigens. Each serotype was considered a separate species (for example, S. paratyphi A, S. newport, and S. enteritidis); this concept, if used today, would result in 2,463 species of Salmonella. Other taxonomic proposals have been based on the clinical role of a strain, on the biochemical characteristics that divide the serotypes into subgenera, and ultimately, on genomic relatedness.

Salmonella species, subspecies, serotypes, and their usual habitats, Kauffmann-White scheme

Salmonella species and subspecies	No. of serotypes within subspecies	Usual habitat
S. enterica subsp.enterica(I)	1,454	Warm-blooded animals
S. enterica subsp.salamae (II)	489	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
S. enterica subsp.arizonae (IIIa)	94	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
S. entericasubsp.diarizonae (IIIb)	324	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
S. enterica subsp.houtenae(IV)	70	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
S. enterica subsp. indica(VI)	12	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
S. bongori(V)	20	Cold-blooded animals and the environment
Total-                                     2463

Neisseria differences

N. meningitidis ( meningococci)

a. Lens shaped ( affect meninges, near lens)
b. Capsulated  ( lens capsule)
c. Ferment maltose and glucose ( M enin G ococci)

N. gonorrhoeae ( gonococci)

a. Kidney shaped ( cause UTI, near kidney)
b. Non capsulated
c. Ferment glucose ( G onococci)

Sporicidal disinfectants

EFGH


Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Hydrogen peroxide

Bacteriology- Gram stain

All cocci are gram positive except GMC


Gonococci
Meningococci
Neisseria Catarrhalis






All bacilli are gram negative except ABC CML

Actinomycetes
Bacillus
Clostridia

Corynebacterium
Mycobacteria
Listeria

Classical complement pathway activation is denoted by:

a. C2, C4 and C3 decreased.
b. C2 and C4 normal, C3 decreased.
c. C3 normal and C2, C4 decreased.
d. C2, C4, C3 all elevated.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

All of the following are part of innate immunity except:

a. Complement.
b. NK cells.
c. Macrophages.
d. T cells

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

Prozone phenomenon is due to:

a. Antigen excess.
b. Antibody excess.
c. False +ve reaction.
d. False -ve reaction.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

What enhances multiplication of T cells in culture?

a. Phytohemagglutinin.
b. Chemotactic factor.
c. Leukotrienes.
d. Prostaglandins.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

All of the following are glycoproteins except:

a. Blood antigen.
b. Albumin.
c. Immunoglobulin.
d. hCG.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

All of the following are involved in antigen antibody reaction except:

a. Van der Waals forces.
b. Electrostatic bond.
c. Hydrogen bond.
d. Covalent bond.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

Interleukin 1 produces:

a. T-lymphocyte activation.
b. Delayed wound healing.
c.. Increased pain perception.
d. Decreased PMN release from marrow.

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

The serum concentration of which of the following IgG subclasses is maximum?

Please click on comments to view the correct option and descriptions.

a. IgG1
b. IgG2
c. IgG3
d. IgG4