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Anion Gap

The anion gap is the difference in the measured cations and the measured anions in serum, plasma, or urine.

It is calculated by subtracting the serum concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate(anions) from the concentrations of sodium plus potassium (cations):
= ( [Na+] + [K+] ) − ( [Cl−] + [HCO3−] )
The average anion gap for healthy adults is  8 -12 mEq/L.
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