Membrane Receptor Families and Signaling Pathways

Receptors Effectors Signaling Pathways G Protein–Coupled Seven-Transmembrane (GPCR)  beta-Adrenergic LH, FSH, TSH Gs-alpha, adenylate cyclase   Stimulation of cyclic AMP production, protein kinase A Glucagon PTH, PTHrP ACTH, MSH GHRH, CRH Ca2+channels   Calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent kinases   alpha-Adrenergic Somatostatin Gi-alpha   Inhibition of cyclic AMP production Activation of K+, Ca2+ channels TRH, GnRH Gq, G11   Phospholipase C, diacylglycerol, IP3, protein kinase C, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels   Receptor Tyrosine Kinase  Insulin, IGF-I Tyrosine kinases, IRS MAP kinases, PI 3-kinase; AKT, also known as protein kinase B, PKB EGF, NGF Tyrosine kinases, ras Raf, MAP kinases, RSK Cytokine Receptor–Linked Kinase  GH, PRL JAK, tyrosine kinases STAT, MAP kinase, PI 3-kinase, IRS-1 Serine Kinase  Activin, TGF-beta, MIS Serine kinase Smads